Showing posts with label Deaths. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Deaths. Show all posts

Tuesday, 30 July 2013

Female deaths much less likely to be reported to coroner in England and Wales, UK

Main Category: Women's Health / Gynecology
Article Date: 30 Jul 2013 - 0:00 PDT Current ratings for:
Female deaths much less likely to be reported to coroner in England and Wales, UK
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Doctors in England and Wales are much less likely to report a woman's death to a coroner than they are a man's, reveals research published online in the Journal of Clinical Pathology.

Furthermore, women's deaths are less likely to proceed to an inquest, and those that do are less likely to result in a verdict of "unnatural" death than men's, with some coroners particularly likely to favour a verdict according to the sex of the deceased, the research shows.

The authors analysed figures from the Ministry of Justice on the numbers and proportions of deaths reported to all 98 coroners, in each of the 114 jurisdictions in England and Wales, between 2001 and 2010.

These figures were then set in the context of official national statistics on the number of deaths registered in England and Wales over the same period.

Doctors are not obliged to report a death to a coroner, and the legal duty to hold an inquest resides with the coroner, usually prompted by a death in unnatural or violent circumstances, or when the death is sudden, of unknown cause, or happens in prison.

The analysis of the figures showed that coroner reporting rates varied widely across England and Wales.

Plymouth and South West Devon topped the league table, with 87% of registered deaths reported to the coroner between 2001 and 2010, while Stamford in Lincolnshire came bottom, with only 12% of deaths reported to the coroner.

There were no obvious explanations to account for such wide differences, which remained stable throughout the decade, suggesting that local demographics or medico-legal practice had a part to play, say the authors.

Similarly, coroners varied widely in their use of verdicts, which again remained consistent over time, the analysis showed. This is likely to reflect the personal decision making style of the coroner rather than any local patterns in deaths, say the authors.

But when they looked at reporting rates according to the sex of the dead person, a striking gender divide emerged.

While jurisdictions with high reporting rates for men also had high reporting rates for women, and vice versa, male deaths were 26% more likely to be reported to the coroner than female deaths.

Higher reporting rates for men were common across all jurisdictions in England and Wales, and in some areas male deaths were 48% more likely to be reported.

Not only were female deaths less likely to be reported, but they were also less likely to proceed to an inquest.

Female deaths were half as likely to proceed to an inquest as men's, with just 8% going to this stage compared with 16% of all male deaths. And even when female deaths did get an inquest, they were more likely to be given a verdict of natural causes than men (28% compared with 22%).

Among verdicts of unnatural deaths, men were overrepresented in occupational diseases and suicide while women were overrepresented in narrative verdicts - where cause of death is given in the form of a narrative rather than as a single "short form" definition - and accidents, implying that sex of the deceased influences the verdict, say the authors.

Furthermore, some coroners were "gendered," in their approach to inquest verdicts, and more likely to favour a particular verdict when dealing with a death, according to the gender of the deceased.

The government is currently reforming the death certification process in a bid to strengthen arrangements and improve the quality and accuracy of causes of death, but there are some concerns that the move will prompt a fall in deaths reported to the coroner from the present national average of 46% to around 35%, say the authors.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
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Mathematical biologists study how to best prevent bullet deaths

Main Category: Public Health
Article Date: 30 Jul 2013 - 1:00 PDT Current ratings for:
Mathematical biologists study how to best prevent bullet deaths
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Aiming to quell heated national debate about gun control with factual answers, two UC Irvine mathematicians have designed parameters to measure how to best prevent both one-on-one killings and mass shootings in the United States. Their paper appears in the journal PLOS ONE.

"It's time to bring a scientific framework to this problem," said lead author Dominik Wodarz, a mathematical biologist who works on disease and evolutionary dynamics. His co-author and wife, Natalia Komarova, a mathematician who studies biomedical and social trends, added: "Can we design a rational way to argue about guns?"

Both were appalled not just by the December shooting deaths of 20 youngsters and eight adults in Newtown, Conn., but also by the bitterly emotional dispute over weapons that erupted anew. They decided to put their professional expertise to work.

"This debate cannot be settled satisfactorily by verbal arguments alone, since these are often driven by opinion and lack a solid scientific backing," the authors write. "What is under debate is essentially an epidemiological problem: How do different gun control strategies affect the rate at which people become killed by attackers, and how can this rate be minimized?"

The duo reviewed available data stretching as far back as World War I, then drew up equations to compute whether policies ranging from a total firearm ban to "arm everyone" increase or decrease homicides. After running the numbers, they found that in more common domestic and one-on-one crimes, reduced legal gun availability - if properly enforced - is likelier to lower deaths. But in rare mass shootings, armed citizens might save lives if sufficiently trained to avoid accidentally shooting fleeing bystanders.

They note that data is missing that could strengthen their results. For instance, homeowners who used a weapon to stop a robbery might not make a report to police. "Stand your ground" laws being widely discussed in the wake of Trayvon Martin's killing could influence the parameters too. "Whether such laws better protect the public or increase deaths needs to be determined statistically," Wodarz said. "Do you have a greater chance of dying if you run or if you face your attacker with a weapon?"

The authors say key parts of their equations should be studied more closely: the fraction of offenders who illegally possess a gun, the statistical degree of protection provided by legal gun ownership, and the number of people who are legally carrying a gun when attacked. Comprehensive data in those areas, they say, could further aid the development and implementation of effective policies.

Federal funding for gun control research was essentially nonexistent for nearly two decades, but President Barack Obama in January labeled firearm deaths a public health crisis and ended the longstanding freeze. About 11,000 Americans die each year from gunshot homicides.

A large number of peer reviews - 11 in total - were solicited by journal editors; two or three are the norm. A wide array of opinions were expressed, ranging from enthusiastically positive and constructive to a critic who stated that scientific methods would never be useful in this area.

The authors were warned to be prepared for heated responses to their paper but believe it's critical to bring the best tools of research to the issue.

"If the current discussion could be steered toward science, rather than having a heated debate without much of a logical foundation, a big step forward toward saving lives would be achieved," they said.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
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Women and heart disease: more deaths, less care

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Academic Journal
Main Category: Cardiovascular / Cardiology
Also Included In: Preventive Medicine
Article Date: 30 Jul 2013 - 0:00 PDT Current ratings for:
Women and heart disease: more deaths, less care
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Coronary artery disease (CAD) kills more women than men each year, yet women are still not receiving as many preventive recommendations as men, according to a paper published in Global Heart.

Researchers from Ohio State University wanted to analyze the risk for CAD in women, as well as its impact and female-specific strategies for treatment.

They found that the disease should be managed differently for women, based on varying risk factors related to pregnancy and autoimmune diseases.

According to the authors, 8.6 million women die each year around the world from heart-related diseases, making up a third of all deaths in women. Additionally, cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death for both males and females worldwide.

Although the researchers note that awareness about the impact of CAD on women is slowly increasing, it still has a long way to go. In 2004, a survey revealed that only one in five doctors acknowledged that more women die each year from CAD. In addition, women are 55% less likely to participate in cardiac rehabilitation activities than men.

The authors say:

"More women than men die of CAD and more women have died from CAD than of cancer (including breast cancer), chronic lower respiratory disease, Alzheimer's disease, and accidents combined."

Deaths from CAD in the US fell by 30% between 1998 and 2008, but rates are going up in younger women under 55 years of age.

A number of risk factors differ between men and women, the authors note:

Obesity raises risk of coronary artery disease by 64% in women, but by only 46% in men.Women who suffer a heart attack related to CAD at a younger age are twice as likely to die as their male counterparts.42% of women are likely to die within a year of suffering a heart attack versus 24% of men.Women are 20% more likely to suffer angina than men.

The researchers say that women have narrower coronary arteries than men, and so are more likely to suffer CAD as a result of microvascular disease - disease of the heart affecting its small arteries.

The danger, the researchers say, is that while women may not appear to have major blockages of the coronary artery, they do suffer blockages of the smaller vessels. They add that over half of symptomatic women who do not have obstructive CAD still have signs and symptoms of ischemia.

Conditions that affect women rather than men also raise their risk of CAD, including polycystic ovary syndrome, pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes, the researchers say.

"Women are affected by CAD in large numbers and to a large degree," the researchers say. "CAD is the leading cause of mortality in women. The manifestation of CAD has unique characteristics in women. Increasing data demonstrate that some treatment strategies have sex-specific effectiveness."

The researchers add:

"Further research regarding the pathophysiology of CAD in women, diagnosis and treatment strategies specific to women is required.

CAD is not a 'man's only' disease, and we eagerly await future studies that examine its unique presence in women."

Written by Marie Ellis


Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today Visit our cardiovascular / cardiology section for the latest news on this subject.

“Coronary artery disease in women: A 2013 update,” Kavita Sharma, Martha Gulati, Global Heart, Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2013, Pages 105–112.

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Sunday, 14 July 2013

Health Minister reveals 110 drugs deaths in Ulster

News Letter Sunday 14th July, 2013

Around 110 people died in Northern Ireland last year as a consequence of drugs misuse, the Health Minister has warned. Edwin Poots reiterated the dangers as police continued to investigate a recent spate of eight sudden deaths in the region linked to illegal substances.Two of the deaths have been linked to a lethal batch of fake ecstasy tablets, so-called "Green Rolexes".The type of pills, which are embossed with a crown, have also been linked to seven deaths of young people in Scotland in recent months.The other six sudden deaths being investigated by police in Northern Ireland potentially i...

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Friday, 12 July 2013

Overall Child Deaths Due To Injuries Down In Last 30 Years But No Reduction In Injuries Due To Assault Or Self-harm, Reveals New Study, UK

Main Category: Pediatrics / Children's Health
Article Date: 11 Jul 2013 - 2:00 PDT Current ratings for:
Overall Child Deaths Due To Injuries Down In Last 30 Years But No Reduction In Injuries Due To Assault Or Self-harm, Reveals New Study, UK
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Over 800 children in the UK die from injuries every year - between 50% - 70% fewer than in 1980 - but the difference in injury rates between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland is widening, according to new research released today. The study also reveals that injury mortality remains a major problem in adolescents with boys aged 10 to 18 at the highest risk.

The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, was conducted by researchers at University College London's Institute of Child Health reveals that disparities in child injury death rates are widening between England, which has the lowest injury death rates, and Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, where injury mortality rates are significantly higher.

If all countries had the same injury mortality rate as England for 10-18 year old children, between2006-2010 there would have been 52 fewer deaths per year in total (29 in Scotland, 8 in Wales, 15 in Northern Ireland)

The study also finds that:

Death rates from injuries in boys aged 10 to 18 years are 2.7 times higher than in girls of the same ageThe decline in deaths due to injury since the 1980s seen in the UK is due to a decrease in injuries caused by accidentsThere has been no decline in mortality rates due to injuries caused by self -harm, assault or injuries of undetermined causes in children aged 10 years or over since 1980Deaths due to injuries caused by assault, self-harm or undetermined causes account for 34% of injury deaths in boys and 37% of all injury deaths in girls aged 10 to 18 years.

The differences between countries and the different trends according to type of injury, means better targeting of prevention efforts are required, say the report authors.

Professor Ruth Gilbert, Research Lead for the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health said:

"This research shows that injury death rates are going down in children which is very good news. But we must not become complacent: in older children, differences between countries in injury death rates are widening, which means more can be done to reduce the risk of injury in children, particularly in older children and young adults.

"The big tragedy shown in our research is that there has been no decline in deaths due to suicide and assault in older children in any UK country since 1980. This might surprise a lot of people because these types of injuries might be thought of as the most preventable."

"The risk factors that contribute to deaths due to suicide or assault in children are complex and often accumulate over childhood. They include combinations of factors such as deprivation, alcohol or drug misuse and other mental health problems in children and their parents"

The study was conducted using data from death certificates and looked at the causes of death of children aged between 28 days and 18 years in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland between 1980 and 2010.

The research undertaken by University College London is part of a larger programme of work - Child Health Reviews UK - a UK-wide project led by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, funded by the HQIP on behalf of the departments of health in the four UK countries.

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our pediatrics / children's health section for the latest news on this subject. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

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11 Jul. 2013. APA
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. (2013, July 11). "Overall Child Deaths Due To Injuries Down In Last 30 Years But No Reduction In Injuries Due To Assault Or Self-harm, Reveals New Study, UK." Medical News Today. Retrieved from
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'Overall Child Deaths Due To Injuries Down In Last 30 Years But No Reduction In Injuries Due To Assault Or Self-harm, Reveals New Study, UK'

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